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Pcm= C+Si/30+Mn/20+Cu/20+Ni/60+Cr/20+. Mo/15+V/10+5B (1) Due to widespread application of the carbon equivalent in Japan, the Japanese Welding Engineering Society (JWES) published its own carbon equivalent equation in 1973: CE = Wes. C+Si/24+Mn/6+Ni/40+Cr/5+Mo/4+V/14 (2)
In 1958, eighteen years after Dearden and O’Neill’s initial proposal on carbon equivalent (CE), the concept was accepted by British Standard BS2642[1]. The standard was then amended to include the following modified version of their equation: C+Si/24+Mn/6+Cr/5+Ni/13+. CE = (1) V/5+Mo/4+Cu/15.
By this study, the usage of carbon equivalent in low alloy steel weld metals manufactured through SMAW are proved and furthered to steel weld metals. Generally, carbon equations are sensitive to UTS (ultimate tensile strength), YS (yield strength), HRD (hardness).
Carbon equivalent formulae were originally developed to give a numerical value for a steel composition which would give an indication of a carbon content which would contribute to an equivalent level of hardenability for that steel.
following classic carbon equivalent equation based on hardness: This equation can then be used with the following linear equation (7), which is an important application of the CE equation to predict hardness: As long as the predicted hardness was lower than the “maximum weld hardness”, cold cracking could be avoided. Based upon their ...
Our carbon equivalent calculator is simple to use: Enter the weight percentage composition of each alloying element in their respective fields. Ensure you don't leave blanks — if any element is absent in your alloy, enter 0 in its field. The calculator will automatically determine the carbon equivalent in the following manner:
PCM. The carbon equivalent PCM is based on Japanese results from Ito and Bessyo in 1969 [7]. It can be used for short cooling times and root welding [8]. Equation: PCM = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Mo/15 + Ni/60 + V/10 + 5*B . CEM
