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Linear molecules have a straight, one-dimensional shape, with atoms arranged in a line. Examples of linear molecules include carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen chloride (HCl). On the other hand, nonlinear molecules have a three-dimensional shape, with atoms arranged in a way that is not in a straight line.
We continue our discussion of structure and bonding by introducing the valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model (pronounced “vesper”), which can be used to predict the shapes of many molecules and polyatomic ions.
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11 lut 2023 · Linear and non-linear molecules refer to molecular geometry from Chem 14A. A linear molecule is one where the central atom has two bonding groups and no lone pairs, or it has two bonding groups and three lone pairs.
Atom jest zbudowany z jądra i poruszających się wokół niego elektronów (ujemnie naładowanych cząstek). Jądro atomowe zajmuje centrum atomu i składa się z nukleonów, którymi są protony (cząstki o ładunku dodatnim) i neutrony (cząstki, które nie posiadają ładunku elektrycznego).
28 kwi 2023 · Linear molecules belong to the axial rotation group. Their symmetry is intermediate in complexity between nonlinear molecules and atoms. For linear molecules, the symmetry of the electrostatic potential provided by the nuclei and the other electrons is described by either the \(C_{\infty n} \text{ or } D_{\infty h}\) group.
Each electron region takes up a position to minimise repulsion. By considering the valence shell electron regions and their positions according to repulsive effects we can explain the shape of molecules. This is called the electron pair repulsion theory.
