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Surgery is the treatment of choice for most dogs with apocrine gland tumors. Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma is very proliferative, therefore aggressive extirpation is recommended. With surgery alone, there is a very high chance of recurrence.
Prolonged survival times are possible, especially for dogs with smaller primary tumors and for dogs that undergo further treatments for recurrent disease. In this article, we review the clinical signs, diagnosis, staging, treatment, and prognosis of AGASAC in the dog.
Some dogs may experience an average survival time of more than 3 years. Recurrence of tumor at the surgical site occurs in up to 45% of cases. Tumors less than 2.5 centimeters in size have a better prognosis. Dogs without enlarged lymph nodes or other metastases have a better prognosis.
Dogs with more aggressive tumors that are treated with surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy have an average survival of over 2.5 years. When less intensive treatment plans are pursued, the prognosis is typically shorter.
1 wrz 2022 · Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASAC) is a relatively uncommon tumor in the dog and comprises approximately 17% of perianal malignancies; however, it is one of the most common causes of paraneoplastic hypercalcemia.
2 wrz 2022 · Tumours arise from the apocrine sweat glands of the anal sac, which produce secretions that drain into the lumen of the anal sac. Histologically, there are three main classifications of AGASACs based on histological pattern, and these subtypes may hold prognostic significance.
23 maj 2023 · Multiple prognostic indicators have been reported for dogs with apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA), including disease stage, hypercalcemia, histopathologic features, and treatment performed. 1–6 Primary AGASACA tumor size is an
