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20 sty 2021 · We aimed to present, in a summarized way, the optimal treatment for lower pole calculi according to the stone burden, taking into consideration the stone-free rates, hospitalization and complications of each type of procedure.
Recent findings: Lower pole stones smaller than 1 cm in diameter can be managed with observation, shock wave lithotripsy or ureteroscopy. Patients electing expectant management should be counseled regarding the potential for stone-related symptom progression and need for future intervention.
21 cze 2016 · Intermediate (10–20 mm) sized lower-pole renal stones are common and more likely to need management because they are less likely to pass spontaneously. There are several options for management of intermediate-sized lower-pole stones, such as ESWL, RIRS, and PCNL.
For non lower polar renal stones of 1-2 cm, SWL is preferred approach, while for the lower polar stones; literature favors the use of PCNL. Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) is emerging as a promising technique for these calculi.
16 mar 2020 · March 16, 2020. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) or retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) are the most appropriate approaches for treating lower pole kidney stones 1 to 2 cm in size,...
25 kwi 2023 · The angle of the lower pole to the renal pelvis (lower pole angle) is a limiting factor to rendering the patient stone free. This review explores the definitions of the lower pole angle, the various treatment options available, and how outcomes are influenced by the angle.
12 lis 2021 · Objective. To compare the outcomes of mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPNL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for the management of 2–3 cm lower pole renal calculi (LPC) in obese patients.
