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We present a three-step framework for identifying and recording the relevant economic costs and bene-fits of conservation interventions where the user (1) describes the costing con-text, (2) determines which types of cost and benefit to include, and (3) obtains values for these costs and benefits alongside metadata necessary for others to interp...
The population growth rate (sometimes called the rate of increase or per capita growth rate, r) equals the birth rate ( b) minus the death rate ( d) divided by the initial population size (N 0 ). Another method of calculating the population growth rate involves final and initial population size (figure 5.3.a ).
Population ecologists make use of a variety of methods to model population dynamics. An accurate model should be able to describe the changes occurring in a population and predict future changes.
Our chapter includes a description of basic terms and central concepts and also contains in-depth discussions on the analysis of means, proportions, ratios, probabilities, and correlations. We also address issues related to sample size, normality, outliers, and non-parametric approaches.
When genes are linked, genetic crosses involving those genes will lead to ratios of gametes (egg and sperm) and offspring types that are not what we'd predict from Mendel's law of independent assortment. Let's take a closer look at why this is the case.
Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C ratio) or Cost Benefit Ratio is another criteria for project investment and is defined as present value of net positive cash flow divided by net negative cash flow at i*.
Learn the definition of benefit-cost ratio (BCR), its calculation formula, and explore a practical example. Understand how BCR is used to evaluate projects.
