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To convert a country's GNI from its local currency into U.S. dollars, the Atlas conversion factor is employed. This factor incorporates a three-year average of exchange rates to mitigate the impact of temporary fluctuations in exchange rates.
The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in cross-country comparisons of national incomes. The Atlas conversion factor for a given year is the average of a country’s exchange rate for that year and the two preceding years, adjusted for the difference between the rate of inflation in the ...
The key ingredient in the analysis is the measure of economic distance. In this study, the simple natural logarithmic difference of per capita income between Vietnam and her partner countries is used as proxy for the economic distance variable, as it is a standard practice in econometrics.
modeling differences in terms of the distances between countries along a variety of Cultural, Administrative/political, Geographic and Economic (CAGE) dimensions. As a result, the CAGE framework not only helps identify the key differences in particular settings; it also affords insights
The International Comparison Program (ICP) is a global statistical initiative that supports inter-country comparisons of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and its components, using Purchasing Power Parities (PPPs) as a currency converter. The GDP is the measure most often used to represent the size of a country’s economy.
17 sie 2021 · As one example, World Bank classifications of countries by income level are based on comparable measures of Atlas Gross National Income per Capita, a measure of aggregate income derived from macroeconomic data. This measure makes specific adjustments to account for short term volatility in exchange rates along with parallel exchange rate activity.
The results are robust to alternative measures of financial distance, controlling cultural distance in the specifications and removing countries with a high rate of pass-through capital from the sample.
