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Topography is the study of the forms and features of land surfaces. The topography of an area may refer to the land forms and features themselves, or a description or depiction in maps.
- Topographic map - Wikipedia
In modern mapping, a topographic map or topographic sheet is...
- Surveying - Wikipedia
Construction surveying and engineering surveying:...
- Topographic map - Wikipedia
In modern mapping, a topographic map or topographic sheet is a type of map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief features, usually using contour lines (connecting points of equal elevation), but historically using a variety of methods.
Construction surveying and engineering surveying: topographic, layout, and as-built surveys associated with engineering design. They often need geodetic computations beyond normal civil engineering practice.
The United States Geological Survey (USGS), founded as the Geological Survey, is an agency of the United States government whose work spans the disciplines of biology, geography, geology, and hydrology.
Land survey may refer to: Topographic surveying and mapping, the survey of landscape features for general mapping purposes. Civil engineering surveying, a survey of local topographic features for engineering purposes. Cadastral surveying, the surveying of specific land parcels to define ownership.
This page provide conventions to produce topographic maps. Topographic maps , displaying an area's relief, de facto explain many other things such as human occupation, cultivated areas, kingdoms borders, exchanges ways, etc.
US Topo is the next generation of topographic maps from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Arranged in the familiar 7.5-minute quadrangle format, digital US Topo maps are designed to look and feel (and perform) like the traditional paper topographic maps for which the USGS is so well known.
