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In the above method, we can’t compute positions backward in time as well. This is because we consider the velocity at value at i, despite the velocity changing between step i and i+1. One way to achieve reversibility is to use positions and velocities 1/2-time step apart from each other.
The mean free path is defined as the distance a particle will travel, on average, before experiencing a collision event. This is defined as the product of the speed of a particle and the time between collisions.
Distance is the actual path length that an object moves away from its original position. Distance is a scalar. We use the symbol d for distance. Displacement is the straight-line path between the starting point and the endpoint of a journey i.e. the distance moved in a particular direction. Displacement is a vector.
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Distance between two positions is defined to be the magnitude of displacement, which was found in Example 7.2. Distance traveled is the total length of the path traveled between the two positions. In the case of the subway train shown in Figure 7.14, the distance traveled is the same as the distance between the initial and final positions of ...
• Instead of tracking positions of molecules, track concentrations of each type of molecule in each voxel • At each time step, update concentrations based on reactions of molecules within a voxel, and diffusion between neighboring voxels based on concentration differences (i.e., the diffusion equation) 27
This energy of a system of two atoms depends on the distance between them. At large distances the energy is zero, meaning “no interaction”. At distances of several atomic diameters attractive forces dominate, whereas at very close approaches the force is repulsive, causing the energy to rise.
