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20 sty 2021 · Lower pole stones (LPS) account for approximately 35% of renal calculi and may remain asymptomatic in many patients. On the other hand, treatment of such stones is challenging due to the difficulty in eliminating fragments and anatomical access to the inferior renal calyx ( 7 ).
Recent findings: Lower pole stones smaller than 1 cm in diameter can be managed with observation, shock wave lithotripsy or ureteroscopy. Patients electing expectant management should be counseled regarding the potential for stone-related symptom progression and need for future intervention.
21 cze 2016 · Intermediate (10–20 mm) sized lower-pole renal stones are common and more likely to need management because they are less likely to pass spontaneously. There are several options for management of intermediate-sized lower-pole stones, such as ESWL, RIRS, and PCNL.
16 mar 2020 · March 16, 2020. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) or retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) are the most appropriate approaches for treating lower pole kidney stones 1 to 2 cm in size,...
For non lower polar renal stones of 1-2 cm, SWL is preferred approach, while for the lower polar stones; literature favors the use of PCNL. Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) is emerging as a promising technique for these calculi.
18 gru 2015 · The various treatment modalities to treatment lower pole stones (LPS) vary from shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) through to ureteroscopy (URS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), thereby increasing in their invasiveness.
ESWL is the first choice of treatment for UPJ stones that are 4 mm – 5 mm in diameter. Shockwave lithotripsy has fewer complications than ureteroscopy and has similar success rates up to 90% for small UPJ stones.
