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As known, a vessel sailing on the GCT in a constantly varying course is impossible and thus, a series of rhumb lines is necessary to be adopted for approximating the GCT in practice [2, 3, 9, 18]. Before doing so, the waypoints must be located. However, to determine the waypoints on the GCT, the navigator has to provide some initial conditions.
Short distance sailing is a term which is applied to sailing along a rhumb-line for distances less than 600 nautical miles. From the formulas derived above, the following are used extensively in short distance sailing:
1 cze 1995 · This paper provides simple formulas that include the earth's oblateness, which can be readily applied to sailing calculations. The accuracy of these formulas is assessed, and they are shown to be good to about 10 m over ranges up to 1000 km.
Formulas, programs and calculations to obtain distance and course (bearing) - loxodromic distances (rhumb line) and orthodromic waypoints (great circle sailing) - orthodromic and loxodromic navigation calculator - two spreadsheet excel files - (free download and use!)
The formulas enable to solve the tasks with a use of electronic calculator and application of traditional methods on plane and sphere, and they also take the Earth’s ellipsoidal shape into consideration. Keywords: loxodrome (rhumb-line sailing), plane (or middle latitude) sailing, Mercator triangle (Mercator sailing) 1. Introduction
2401. Rhumb Lines and Great Circles. The principal advantage of a rhumb line is that it maintains constant true direction. A ship following the rhumb line between two places does not change its true course. A rhumb line makes the same angle with all meridians it crosses and appears as a straight line on a Mercator chart.
The gist of this essay is a novel concept showing an intrinsic property i.e. orthodrome-loxodrome correlation using a well-known formula. Keywords: marine navigation, middle latitude, middle longitude, orthodrome, loxodrome
