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After briefly describing wing morphology and kinematics, we discuss the main vortices generated by flapping wings and the aerodynamic forces associated with these structures, focusing on leading-edge vortices (LEVs), wake vortices, and vortices generated by wing motions over a broad Re range.
24 cze 2020 · Once birds acquire their first true plumage and become capable of flight, they have to go through further developmental steps in order to develop a mature flight apparatus (see electronic supplementary material, SD) and to master all the flight behaviours of their species.
Despite centuries of scientific balloon flights, only a handful of experiments have produced biologically-relevant results. Yet unlike orbital spaceflight, it is much faster and cheaper to conduct biology research with balloons, sending specimens to the near space environment of Earth’s stratosphere.
15 wrz 2007 · Power is measured at three different levels pertinent to flapping flight. The first level is metabolic power input (P met) to the muscles, directly of interest to a flying, foraging bird, and generally a realm of study for respiratory, thermal and chemical physiologists.
Birds exhibit numerous physiological and biomechanical adaptations for flight. Although bird flight is often studied at the level of aerodynamics, morphology, wingbeat kinematics, muscle activity, or sensory guidance independently, in reality these systems are naturally integrated.
18 cze 2008 · We propose that there are at least four major aspects of flight biology that can serve as research foci in the next decade, and in which aerospheric conditions are likely to figure in critical ways: (1) mechanics and aerodynamics of flight; (2) energetics of flight; (3) sensory detection of status of the aerosphere; and (4) motor control of ...
9 maj 2006 · Although flight research embraces a wide variety of different organisms, from dragonflies to flying dragons, I will focus on insects in general, and flies in particular, because they have proven particularly amenable to these interdisciplinary approaches.
