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  1. 1 wrz 2012 · In many studies, flight initiation distance (FID, the distance at which a prey starts to flee at the approach of a walker) is positively related to start-ing distance (SD, the distance at which...

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  2. 28 cze 2013 · We studied flight initiation distances of birds when approached by a human in 7 cities (each paired with a nearby rural area) across Europe . The distance between urban and rural study sites ranged from 1 to 20 km.

  3. 2 mar 2020 · Cities represent novel environments where altered ecological conditions can generate strong selection pressures leading to the evolution of specific urban phenotypes. Is there evidence for such adaptive changes in urban populations which have colonized their new environments relatively recently?

  4. 13 sie 2008 · Numerous species have adapted to humans, especially invasive species associated with humans in towns and cities. Short flight distances of populations adapted to urban environments reflect changes in behavior and physiology, reflecting phenotypic plasticity or evolution.

  5. 7 gru 2009 · Abstract. This paper explores how historians and others continue to create a barrier between the natural world and the city, and why the so-called declensionist narrative-humans as agents of...

  6. 1 lut 2007 · The scheme links the environment, pathways, traits, and genes, and highlights the selective forces that shape and maintain migratory adaptation. We endorse an individual-based behavioral definition of migration that allows an objective distinction between migration and other forms of movement.

  7. In this chapter, you will review the definition of biology and the characteristics of living things. You will also learn how the study of science leads to an understanding of the natural world and see how science is done in the real-life. Finally, this chapter covers the themes that unify all of the concepts that you will learn in your study of ...

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