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  1. Fluid balance is a term used to describe the balance of input and output of fluids in the body, to allow metabolic processes to function properly and thereby maintaining optimal hydration (Marieb and Hoehn, 2018).

  2. Fluid balance is an essential tool in determining hydration status. Recording intake and output tends to be one of the key activities undertaken at the bedside and is used in conjunction with the recording of vital signs and certain laboratory reports to set required fluid intake levels.

  3. Fluid balance charts must be completed 1-2 hourly, cumulative balance and running totals updated at this time. • Special instructions, such as fluid restrictions, should be written in the allocated box (Documented in patient notes and on paper fluid balance chart if in use).

  4. See NHS Lothian Guidance for Intravenous Fluid and Electrolyte prescribing (on Intranet) ADULT FLUID PRESCRIPTION CHART . IV fluids for adults: for more details, see pocket guideline or App . Consider volume status: Hypovolaemic / Euvolaemic / Hypervolaemic . Does your patient need IV fluids? If so, are they needed for:

  5. The amount of fluid going into your body and out of your body can be monitored using a fluid balance chart. The chart has two sides. The input side (what goes into your body) and the output side (what goes out of your body).

  6. The guidance aims to: Prevent or reduce adverse consequences associated with patient dehydration by establishing an effective standard and management for optimal hydration. Create one set method for recording detailed and accurate fluid input and output.

  7. The total (oral, IV drugs and prescribed fluids) volume prescribed in healthy adults (without excess fluid losses) should be of the order of 30 ml/kg/day up to a maximum of 2.5L. Consider prescribing less fluid (e.g. 20-25 ml/kg/day) for patients who are older,

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